Information Revolution and Policy Implications for Developing Countries --Open Systems, Learning Economies and Development Strategies
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper addresses implications of information revolution for developing countries. It takes the perspective of innovation and capability building developed in the schools of innovation studies, attempts to point out some aspects that are of strategic importance in thinking about development in these countries in face of information revolution. Three questions are asked for the purpose. First, we ask what is happening to OECD countries with the IT revolution? This inquiry leads to an outline of socio-economic transformations in OECD countries towards ‘information societies’, and emerging mode of technological innovation that is both a cause and an effect of the transformations. Second, we ask what are opportunities and challenges for developing countries in the global trends moving to information societies? To speak to this inquiry, we analyze technological choices in correspondence to the emerging mode of technological innovation which is characteristic of opening complex systems, networking dynamics, and flexible specialization on the one hand, and factor endowment of developing countries by adding—if they are capable to have it, factors of engineering and institutional capabilities, on the other. The analysis is then reviewed in regard to experiences in some Asian Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs). This indicates to the necessary emphases on: a, freeing for small entries; b, improving technological infrastructure and supportive institutions; c, human resource development; and d, proactive and adaptive policy-making. Third, we ask what does development policy with such emphases implicate? To this inquiry, we compare them with conventional thoughts about economic development; the later looks for (physical) capital investment as the solely important factor, gives overwhelming weight on large firms to be the pivotal organizations, and deals with policy-making in the way wavering from one extreme (direct intervention) to the other (‘laissez-faire’). Although practical adjustments take place in many developing countries, the warning that there is a need for ‘paradigm shift’ of development policies is pertinent, if developing countries are to cope with changing domestic and international conditions with greater consciousness.
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